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权限组件的源码执行过程和之前的认证组件是相同的,如下:
self.check_permissions(request)
def check_permissions(self, request): """ Check if the request should be permitted. Raises an appropriate exception if the request is not permitted. """ for permission in self.get_permissions(): if not permission.has_permission(request, self): self.permission_denied( request, message=getattr(permission, 'message', None) )
思考:如果要做权限认证,我们首先要知道当前登录的用户是谁,那么我们如何知道呢?
首先rest_framework中的三个组件是按顺序执行的:#认证组件self.perform_authentication(request)#权限组件self.check_permissions(request)#频率组件self.check_throttles(request)在第一个执行的认证组件源码中有这样一段代码
self.user, self.auth = user_auth_tuple这个user_auth_tuple恰巧就是我们自定义认证视图时返回的那个元祖
class TokenAuth(BaseAuthentication):def authenticate(self, request):......return token_obj.user, token_obj.token #需要返回一个元组因此此时的self.user=token_obj.user,self.auth=token_obj.token
在app01.service.permissions.py中:
from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermissionclass SVIPPermission(BasePermission): message = "SVIP才能访问" #没通过验证则返回错误 def has_permission(self, request, view): #固定写法 if request.user.user_type == 3: return True return False
在views.py:
class AuthorView(viewsets.ModelViewSet): authentication_classes = [TokenAuth,] permission_classes = [SVIPPermission,] queryset = Author.objects.all() serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
REST_FRAMEWORK={ "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",], "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":["app01.service.permissions.SVIPPermission",]}
self.check_throttles(request)
def check_throttles(self, request): """ Check if request should be throttled. Raises an appropriate exception if the request is throttled. """ for throttle in self.get_throttles(): if not throttle.allow_request(request, self): self.throttled(request, throttle.wait())
在app01.service.throttles.py中:
from rest_framework.throttling import BaseThrottleclass VisitThrottle(BaseThrottle): def allow_request(self,request,view): if 1: return True return False
在views.py中:
from app01.service.throttles import *class BookViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView): throttle_classes = [VisitThrottle,] queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializers
REST_FRAMEWORK={ "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",], "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":["app01.service.permissions.SVIPPermission",], "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES":["app01.service.throttles.VisitThrottle",]}
解析器是将接收到的数据转换为我们所需要的数据类型,是反序列化的过程,例如将前端传过来的JSON解析为字典,rest_framework可以直接从request.data中取出反序列化后的JSON数据,依赖的就是解析器
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser,FormParserclass PublishViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView): parser_classes = [FormParser,JSONParser] #只写了两种解析器,默认有三种 queryset = Publish.objects.all() serializer_class = PublshSerializers def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): print("request.data",request.data) return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
REST_FRAMEWORK={ "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",], "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":["app01.service.permissions.SVIPPermission",], "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES":["app01.service.throttles.VisitThrottle",], "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES":{ "visit_rate":"5/m", }, "DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES":['rest_framework.parsers.FormParser',]}
如果我们自己不设置parser_classes那么就会去父类中找
parser_classes = api_settings.DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES而父类中的默认设置已经包含了常用的三种解析,包括解析JSON数据和urlencoded数据等,因此这里不太需要修改
'DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES': ('rest_framework.parsers.JSONParser','rest_framework.parsers.FormParser','rest_framework.parsers.MultiPartParser'),思考:在实际开发过程中,如果我们需要解析一个特殊的数据类型,那么可以自己写一个解析器(类),然后加到parser_classes = []中,这样就可以在request.data中直接取出这种特殊数据类型反序列化后的结果了
进一步封装url
我们知道下面两条url都针对一个视图类,但每个表这写两条url的话就会造成代码重复,因为不同表的每条url只有视图类的名字和反向解析的名字有区别而已,这里可以进一步封装
url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorView.as_view({"get": "list", "post": "create"}), name="author"),url(r'^authors/(?P\d+)/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put":"update","delete":"destroy"}),name="detailauthor"),
class AuthorView(viewsets.ModelViewSet): queryset = Author.objects.all() serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
from rest_framework import routersfrom django.conf.urls import includefrom app01 import viewsrouter = routers.DefaultRouter() #实例化一个对象router.register(r'authors', views.AuthorView) #注册,前面写表名,后面写视图类的名字urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url('', include(router.urls)),]
再访问就会自动生成四条url
^authors/$ [name='author-list']^authors\.(?P[a-z0-9]+)/?$ [name='author-list']^authors/(?P [^/.]+)/$ [name='author-detail']^authors/(?P [^/.]+)\.(?P [a-z0-9]+)/?$ [name='author-detail']
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination, LimitOffsetPagination
class PNPagination(PageNumberPagination): page_size = 2 #默认每页显示几条 page_query_param = 'page' #url上get请求时的关键字,表示第几页 ?page=2 page_size_query_param = 'size' #url关键字,临时设置每页显示几条,与默认区分 ?size=2 max_page_size = 3 #用于限制page_size_query_param的最大值,即每页显示条数最多不能超过这个限制
class MyLimitOffsetPagination(LimitOffsetPagination): default_limit = 3 #默认显示几条数据 limit_query_param = 'limit' #url关键字,临时设置每页显示几条数据 offset_query_param = 'offset' #url关键字,偏移,默认从0开始,与limit可以配合
class BookView(APIView): def get(self, request): book_list = Book.objects.all() # 分页 pnp = MyLimitOffsetPagination() pager_books = pnp.paginate_queryset(book_list, request, self) ret = BookModelSerializers(pager_books, many=True, context={'request': request}) # 此处的Response来自rest_framework return Response(ret.data)
class AuthorView(viewsets.ModelViewSet): queryset = Author.objects.all() serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers pagination_class = MyLimitOffsetPagination #定义分页器类
返回值{ "count": 4, #数据总数 "next": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/authors/?page=2", #下一页的url "previous": null,......}
每页显示一条数据的同时,从第一条数据开始向右偏移两条数据,显示结果是第三条数据
每页显示两条数据的同时,从第一条数据开始向右偏移两条数据,显示结果是第三第四条数据
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/dzm911/2345109